统计学哲学的体系性研究对于统计学本身与科学哲学的发展都是十分重要的。它的基本功能是：对统计学基本概念、理论进行哲学探讨，有助于对统计理论的深层次理解；对统计学呈现出的社会图景进行反思，有助于更好地把握与应用统计学；使用统计学的思想资源探讨哲学与科学哲学的问题，有助于对传统哲学问题的解答。从当代较为分散的统计学哲学理论来源中可以总结出统计学哲学的三条进路，分别为“统计学自身的哲学反思”、“统计学与传统哲学/科学哲学的联动”、“统计学与社会”。统计学哲学所涉及的主要问题有：统计学范式问题、概率哲学问题、统计学与归纳问题、统计学与科学说明问题、决定论/非决定论问题、统计思想与社会思想问题、大数据哲学问题。

The systematic study of statistical philosophy is very important to the development of statistics as well as philosophy of science. Its basic function is: to carry on the philosophical discussion to the basic concept and the theory of statistics, which is helpful to a deeper understanding to the statistical theory; to help to better grasp and apply statistics to reflect on the social picture presented by statistics; to use the thought resources of statistics to discuss the problems of philosophy and philosophy of science, which is helpful to solve the problems in traditional philosophical discussion. Three approaches to the philosophy of statistics can be summarized from the scattered theoretical sources of contemporary “philosophy of statistics”, namely “philosophical reflection of statistics itself”, “linkage between statistics and traditional philosophy/philosophy of science”, and “statistics and society”. The main issues involved in philosophy of statistics include: statistical paradigm, philosophy of probability, statistics & induction, statistics & scientific explanation, determinism/indeterminism, statistical thought & social thought, and big data philosophy.

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