The "worker-peasant" system, applied in three different forms: (1) urban enterprises directly absorbing rural laborers as contract workers, (2) projects contracted to rural communes and brigades’ self-organized workshop or enterprises, and (3) peasants trained and hired by the rural mechanization service stations, provided an institutionalized transfer channel for the agricultural surplus population during the collectivism period. This system originated from the conflicts and interactions between the social actors and the state within the urban-rural dual structure. The unstoppable demand for rural labor of enterprises due to the growth of production tasks, the eagerness of peasants to enter the city due to the gap between urban and rural areas, and the inevitable agriculture "involution" crisis due to industrial extraction and the deterioration of human carrying capacity, all that above negated the state’s attempt to exclude peasants from cities. The above-mentioned tensions laid a solid foundation for the proposal and implementation of the “worker-peasant” system, which functioned as a "safety valve" for the urban-rural dual structure. Thus, as long as the tensions in-between the structure exists, sustains the system. The "wind of economism", breaking out at the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", exposed the limits of this system, but did not change its foundation. Therefore, the "work-peasant" system continued during the "Cultural Revolution" period.
谷歌
火狐
