本文利用2018年“中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设”项目调研数据，通过相关性分析、交叉（卡方）分析、回归分析等统计方法对该数据进行实证分析，对比研究了低保家庭和边缘贫困家庭儿童营养健康状况。实证结果发现，相较于边缘贫困户家庭，低保户家庭的孩子更容易获得足够的营养补给用于自身发育；低保户家庭的孩子在生长发育过程中发生贫血、近视、生病的概率低于边缘贫困户家庭的孩子，在残疾、住院等不健康事件上的发生概率上无显著差异，得出了我国低保制度对农村低保家庭儿童营养健康状况的存在积极正向影响的结论。同时本文还发现相较于农村地区，城市户口的困难儿童一年中得到的生活费支出更多，健康习惯更好，营养摄入更丰富，健康状况更好；困难儿童监护人受教育水平越高，家庭年收入越高，对子女经济支出越多，孩子营养摄入越丰富，健康习惯越好，健康状况越好。

Based on the survey data of the project "Construction of Social Policy Support System for Difficult Families in Urban and Rural China" in 2018, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the data through statistical methods such as correlation analysis, cross (chi-square) analysis and regression analysis, and makes a comparative study on the nutritional health status of children from families living on subsistence allowance and those from marginal poor families. The study found that compared with the marginal poor families, the children of low-income families are more likely to receive adequate nutrition for their own development; Low income families children occur in the process of growth and development of anemia, myopia, sick children probability is lower than the edge of the poor families, on the disabled, hospitalization and other unhealthy event on the probability of no significant difference, the subsistence allowances system in China is obtained for the existence of rural residents family nutrition and health condition of children's positive influence conclusion. At the same time, this paper also found that compared with the rural areas, urban children with poor household registration received more living expenses, better health habits, richer nutrition intake and better health status in a year. The higher the education level of the guardians of children in difficulties, the higher the family annual income, the more economic expenditure for their children, the richer the children's nutrition intake, the better their health habits and the better their health status.

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