随着文化日益走向全球化，各种文化载体作品也展开日益频繁的跨国界交流，其中以影视剧的交流最为显著。不同国家的人们在观看外国影视作品时，由于语言文化的隔阂，一份优秀的影视字幕便显得至关重要。对于中国观众而言，其中引人注目的便是美国影视剧的引入，美剧作为了解西方文化的重要文化载体，成为众多中国观众热烈追捧的电视剧类型之一。在这种热潮的推动下，为了让中国观众克服语言障碍，从而更好的理解、欣赏影片内容，优秀的影视字幕翻译需求日益增长。因此，不论是从事美剧字幕翻译工作的相关行业人员，还是美剧的中国观众，都对美剧字幕翻译工作质量表示关注和重视。 本文以翻译目的论为依据，立足于翻译目的论在美剧字幕翻译工作中的引导作用，以如何满足翻译目的进行研究浅析。翻译目的则主要立足于影视剧引入的商业目的，旨在提高收视率，而这则需要从观众需求出发，提供好的翻译作品。因此，在翻译过程中，面对文化负载词的翻译，主要以服务目的语观众为目的，完成翻译工作；其中主要的补偿策略便是归化和异化翻译。归化翻译倾向于以译入语为中心，强调译文的通顺和连贯，便于译入语读者的理解；异化则倾向于保留原文的语言特点，抵抗目标语中的主流文化价值观，从而保留原文的语言和文化差异，以彰显出他文化者的差异。两者各有优缺点，译者需要根据需要进行选择，以服务读者为最终目的。 美国文化覆盖范围广，如果读者想要了解美国政治，那么《纸牌屋》作为一部政治题材的影视剧，则是较好的选择。剧中会不可避免的涉及了美国社会政治热点，其中包含大量的文化负载词汇，如文化背景知识，一些特定经济，政治用语。因此读懂《纸牌屋》，可有助于了解美国政治文化。这对于译者也是极大的挑战，如果想要将美剧中的相关文化背景知识在字幕中表达出来，从而尽可能的完整的呈现到中国观众面前，要求译者采用多种翻译文化补偿策略，以观众为导向，采取合适翻译策略，保证译入语观众对目的语的理解和接受，提供良好观剧体验，完成美剧字幕翻译工作。本文将围绕《纸牌屋》字幕翻译，以文化负载词为中心，以目的论为导向，对翻译目的和翻译策略进行分析探讨。

The cultural exchange between countries brings along with the export and import of audiovisual dramas. As more and more excellent foreign TV series are brought into China, the development of audiovisual programme asks for better subtitle translation. American TV series is seeing a booming age in China, and many Chinese people are interested in them. As an important cultural carrier, American dramas have become one of the most popular types of TV dramas among many Chinese audiences. Driven by this upsurge, excellent subtitle translation is particularly important in order to enable Chinese audiences to overcome the language barrier and better appreciate the film content. Therefore, both the relevant professionals engaged in the subtitle translation of American TV series and the Chinese audiences of American TV series all pay attention to the quality of the subtitle translation of American TV series. In respect of the development of translation theory, it is a process that keeps growing and enriching. After comparing several translation theories in subtitle translation, the author found that Skopos theory can be finely applied into TV series. This thesis takes famous American TV series House of Cards as an example, applies Skopos theory to its subtitle translation, and analyzes the concrete translation strategies during the translation action. The main translation purpose is to obtain commercial profits and attract more and more audience for increasing the ratings. To achieve this end, the translator has to serve for the target audience’s expectation by offering a good translation work. During the translation, when it comes to the culture-loaded words, domestication and foreignization are the main choices to compensate for the cultural gaps. Domestication conforms to the conventions in the target language and pursues the smoothness and naturalness. While foreignization seeks for the faithfulness to the original text, both in language and in style, so as to retain the foreign favor and cultural uniqueness. House of Cards, an American political drama, is closely connected with social, economic, historical, cultural, political knowledge. This means many dialogues full of culture-loaded words, which requires the foreign audience to possess enough background knowledge for better understanding. Therefore, the translator should apply various cultural compensations to subtitle translation so that Chinese audience can grasp both the denotative and connotative meaning in the subtitles.

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