“三农”是我国作为农业大国的立身之根本，中共中央长期密切关注乡村振兴相关领域的贷款投放情况，引导金融和社会资本向农业农村领域倾斜。农村商业银行立足县域，一直是“支农支小”的主力军，发放的贷款中“重信用轻抵押”的小额贷款占比很大，而且考虑到农户和小微企业遭遇经营风险时通常难以自保，农商银行小额贷款业务的风险管理便极具研究价值。一方面值得银行管理者借鉴，另一方面也有助于小额贷款业务扩张，惠及更多的低收入人群。

本论文首先基于文献研究法梳理、归纳了国内外学者的研究成果，接着回归小额贷款的起源分析农商银行在开展小额贷款业务时可能遭遇的风险，然后运用个案研究法对Z农商银行进行具体情况具体分析，从与基层客户经理的访谈中发掘出贷前调查信息失真、贷中人工审核缺席、贷后懒于检查等问题，认为基层业务人员可以是农商银行小额贷款业务风险管理的新突破口，遂提出提升员工的专业素质和职业道德、调整激励和约束制度、承认弱势寻求外援等优化策略。

Agriculture, rural areas and farmers are the foundation of a large agricultural country. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has paid close attention to the loans related to rural revitalization, and guided financial and social capital to tilt toward agriculture and rural areas. Based in countryside, the rural commercial bank plays a leading role in "supporting agriculture and supporting small businesses". Microfinance accounts for a large proportion of its lending. Considering that it is difficult for farmers and micro enterprises to resist risks, the risk management of rural commercial banks’ microfinance is of great research value. On the one hand, it can be a good reference for bank managers, and on the other hand, it will promote the expansion of microfinance and benefit more low-income people.

This paper first summarizes recent research results of domestic and foreign scholars based on the literature research method, then analyzes the risks that rural commercial banks may encounter when conducting microfinance, and uses the case study method to analyze the case Z Rural Commercial Bank. Problems are found out from the interviews with various managers that the information collected before the loan is incomplete, that the manual review is absent in the decision-making process, and that post-loan inspections are not well performed. Since bank employees can be a new breakthrough in risk management, optimization strategies are proposed such as improving employees’ quality, developing the incentive and restraint system, and seeking foreign aid.

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